Conjunction ( Second Year)

 

Conjunction ( संयोजन)

 

Conjunction को हिंदी में संयोजन कहा जाता है जिसका अर्थ होता है जोड़ना।

Definition (परिभाषा): Conjunction is a word that connects or joins clauses, words, phrases together in a sentence. (संयोजक वह शब्द है जो उपवाक्यों, शब्दों, वाक्यांशों को एक वाक्य में जोड़ता या जोड़ता है।)

There are three types of conjunctions:

1. Coordinating Conjunctions (स्वतंत्र वाक्यांशों  कोजोड़ने वाले संयोजक  शब्द)

   (Co-ordinate= of equal rank)

Type A.  FOR, AND, NOR, BUT, OR, YET, SO [Remember FANBOYS in short]

F	A	N	B	O	Y	S
For	And	Nor	But	Or	Yet	So

 

TYPE A
Conjunctions	Examples
FOR= के लिए, क्योंकि	I told her to rest, for she was very tired.
AND = और, तथा	I like cricket, and I like football.
NOR = ना ही	Geeta neither likes ice-cream nor drinks cooldrinks.
BUT= लेकिन, पर, मगर, किन्तु	Rakha is poor, but she is happy.
OR = या, अथवा	Do you want tea or coffee?
YET =  फिर भी, मगर	The cake is tasty, yet Geeta does not like it.
SO= इसलिए	I was very tired, so I went to bed early last night.

Type B. AS WELL AS, NO LESS THAN, ONLY, STILL/Even now

TYPE B
Conjunctions	Examples
As well as= साथ ही, भी	The teacher, as well as his students, was invited.
No less than= इससे कम नही	Kaalu, no less than his father, is an experienced man.
Only= केवल	We both live in Sagar only I live closer to the Dr. Harisingh Gour University.
Still/Even now= अभी भी, आज भी , फिर भी	The matter was painful, still he did not complain. = ( I am still studying.)

 

2. Correlative Conjunctions (एकही तरह के वाक्योंको जोड़ने वाले संयोजक शब्द)

Correlative Conjunctions
Eiter…or… (या तो यह... या तो वह)	= I will take either coffee or cold drinks.
Neither…nor…    ( न ये … न वो )	= Neither Raja nor Rani went to the market.
Whether…or… (चाहे —- या ) ( कि —–या )	= Raju is uncertain whether to stay or leave.
Not only…but also…   (न केवल ये…बल्कि वो भी  / यही नहीं वो भी)	= Sunita is not only beautiful but also smart.
Both...and (दोनों...और)	= Both Raja and Rani came to the party.
(would) Rather…than… इसके बजाय	= I would rather go for shopping than stay at home.
Such…that… (ऐसा है कि)	= Vikash is such an intelligent that he passes every exam.
So…as      (Negative तुलना करनेके लिये  प्रयुरयु होता है)	= Renu is not so boring as her sister.
As…as         (Positive तुलना करनेके लिये  प्रयुरयु होता है)	= Raja is as good as Rani.
No sooner…than.. (ही था)	=No sooner had I called Ram than he messaged me.

No sooner…than... (ही था)

NOTE:

1. एक क्रिया ख़त्म होने के तुरंत बाद दूसरा क्रिया सुरु होने की स्थिथि में "no sooner" पहला वाक्य के आगे रख कर और दूसरा वाक्य के पहले "than" लिख कर दोनों वाक्यों को जोड़ते है.

2. "No sooner" के साथ वाक्य शुरू करने के समय में subject के आगे सहायक क्रिया को रख कर वाक्य लिखते है.

Example:  Formation of sentence

Action 1: The teacher entered into the class.

Action 2: All the students stood up.

= No sooner did the teacher enter into the class than all the students stood up.

 

3. Subordinating Conjunctions (अन्यवाक्यपर आश्रित वाक्यांशों कोजोड़ने वाले  संयोजक शब्द)

As=  जैसा, के तौर पर, के नाते ( I did as you said.)

After=  बाद में            (I will call after I get back home.)

Before=  से पहले             (I will call you before I visit you.)

Although =  हालांकि (he is honest although he is poor.)

Because= क्योंकि ( I am not going out today because I am sick.)

Since = क्योंकि, तब से, उस समय से ( I like him since he is good.)

If = यदि/अगर (He will die if he takes poison.)

When= जब (I love it when I see you smiling.)

So that =ताकि   (I’ll work hard so that I pass.)

Unless / Until = जब तक नहीं (Until/Unless Rohit comes, we will not go.)

Whereas / While =जबकि   (I have Rs 100 whereas/while you have Rs 500.)

 

Multiple-Choice Questions:

1. A conjunction is a word which

A) joins sentences together

B) Joins words together

C) Both A and B

D) None of these

 

Answer: C) Both A and B

 

2. Which of the following is a coordinating conjunction?

A) because
B) and
C) although
D) since

Answer: B) and

 

3. Identify the coordinating conjunction in the sentence: "He likes to play basketball and football."

A) to
B) likes
C) and
D) football

Answer: C) and

 

4. Identify the coordinating conjunction in the sentence: "You can have cake or ice cream for dessert."

 A) and
B) or
C) for
D) can

Answer: B) or

 

5. Which coordinating conjunction indicates a contrast?

A) and
B) but
C) or
D) so

Answer: B) but

 

6. Which of the following is NOT a coordinating conjunction?

A) and
B) but
C) because
D) or

Answer: C) because

 

7. Which coordinating conjunction indicates a choice?

A) and
B) but
C) nor
D) or

Answer: D) or

 

8. Which pair of words contains coordinating conjunctions?

A) however, while
B) yet, nor
C) so, unless
D) and, for

Answer: D) and, for

 

9. Which coordinating conjunction indicates addition or inclusion?

A) but
B) or
C) yet
D) and

Answer: D) and

 

10. Rohit not only bought a car______also a flat in Bhopal.

A) none

B) not

C) or

D) but

 

Answer: D) but